A large number of fruit trees, agricultural plants and ornamental plants belong to the Golsarkhian family. Seed fruits are also part of the rose family. Galbi, Sib and Ba are among the most important and economic members of these sub-families, which have an important place in Iran and the world in terms of nutrition, processing industries, foreign exchange earnings and job creation. The most destructive disease of granulated fruit trees in the world is fire blight, the damage of which cannot be compared with any of the diseases of granulated fruit trees. The disease damages the crop, the host, and the nurseries, and it quickly spreads to far and near areas. In suitable environmental conditions, the disease appears as an epidemic and causes irreparable damage to crops, young seedlings and trees.
Importance of fire blight disease of seeded fruit trees
For many reasons, the damage caused by anthrax disease is unpredictable, and its spread to far and near places is easy, and the decisive fight against it is difficult. Disease epidemics have happened many times in contaminated places and caused irreparable damages. This topic has caused various methods to try to prevent the spread of the disease and help its damage. In this regard, countries infected with the disease or exposed to contamination, measures such as the creation of external and internal quarantine posts, management of disease control with different chemical and non-chemical methods, eradication of the disease, fight against vector insects, etc – Setting up hives in gardens and designing intelligence systems according to the conditions They have considered the environment of each country. However, fire blight is an unpredictable disease that in some conditions takes away the fighting chance of gardeners and causes irreparable damage to them. The bacterium that causes the disease has a wide host range, and among these hosts, apple, galbi and be are of high economic importance.
Some biological characteristics of the disease agent
The bacterium Erwinia amylovora from the Enterobacteriaceae family has been introduced as the causative agent of anthrax disease of grain fruit trees in the world. More than 200 species of plants from the family of gorsakhian have been the host of this bacterium, and galbi, apple, bee, parsnip, hawthorn, milkweed, sour apple and a number of ornamental plants such as pyracantha and rose are its important and well-known hosts. In all parts of the world, beech, galbi, and apple trees are the most economical and sensitive hosts of the bacteria, while the damage caused by the disease on Japanese parsnip in Bermuda, milk thistle in Australia, and sour apple in Spain is significant.
Symptoms
Flowers, which are the most sensitive organs in fruit trees, generally show signs of contamination in early spring. At first, they are burnt and after some time they wither and take on the color of coffee. At this stage, the disease-causing bacterium multiplies strongly and causes the contamination of other plant organs such as leaves and young branches, or causes the disease-causing agent to enter the blood vessels.
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